sternalis muscle innervation

The present investigation endeavors to discuss the anatomical, embryological and clinical relevance of a rare accessory muscle of the anterior chest wall of Asian origin found in a 40-year-old male cadaver. Kida and Kudoh found the sternalis muscle to be supplied by the pectoral nerves. Jelev, in 2001, defined the characteristics of the sternalis muscle as follows. One is the Pectoralis major, the other is the rectus abdominus, as in several cases the sternalis was actually found to have interlaced fibers with the rectus abdominus, but be enervated by the same nerve . Below you'll find a list of all posts that have been tagged as "sternalis" The Evidence of Anatomy Trains Myofascial Meridians Strain transmission along myofascial meridians might explain referred pain and offer a rationale for the development of more body-wide holistic approaches. A cadaveric study was undertaken to report the incidence of sternalis muscle in cadavers of Asian origin. It is mostly unilateral (in 70%.) Developed by renowned radiologists in each specialty, STATdx provides comprehensive decision support you can rely on - Sternalis Muscle Sternalis muscle does not follow the relationship between muscle ontogeny and innervation. A study reported that 55% of the cases were innervated by branches of thoracic nerves, while 43% were by the intercostal nerves [4]. During surgery, pectoral fascia is removed and pectoralis major muscle is laid bare. of the sternalis muscles were innervated by branches of the internal and external thoracic nerves, 43% by branch-es of the intercostal nerves and 2% both from the inter-costal and thoracic nerves.13 In their case, the sternalis muscle was innervated by the intercostal nerve. Rectus sternalis is a rare muscle found in the anterior chest wall superficial to the pectoralis major muscle. In a routine dissection of the superficial chest muscles, graduate students in a human gross anatomy class exposed a large, well-developed sternalis muscle. We report a case of rectus sternalis on the right anterior thoracic wall of a 55-year . Abstract The sternalis muscle is a well documented but rare muscular variation of the anterior thoracic wall. The sternalis muscle is an anatomic variation well known to anatomists, but relatively unknown to clinicians and surgeons. Skip to main content Accessibility help We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. In the literature it is also known as episternalis, presternalis . Okajimas Folia Anat Jpn 1991; 67: 449-455. . The first report which described it in alive subjects was made by Roubinowitch . There are two different theories as to what the Sternalis was meant to be connected to. The sternalis muscle may be a variation of the pectoralis major or of the rectus abdominis . The pain is described as mild to moderate and is dull or aching. Spinalis and longissimus both have capitis, cervicis and thoracis parts, while iliocostalis has cervicis, thoracis and lumborum parts. The sternal muscle also called 'presternalis,' sternalis, rectus sterni or 'sternalis brutorum,' 'thoracicus' 1 is an interesting case of anatomical variation, being described in the literature as a small The sternalis is a muscle that is uncommonly but occasionally found in the human chest. Awareness of the location of the sternalis will help medical doctors avoid misdiagnosis during mammography or misjudgement during breast surgery. It is regularly observed in lower animal but infrequently in humans. reported presence of three Rectus Sternalis muscles in a single cadaver, one on right side and two on left side. the sternalis muscle is from internal or external thoracic or pectoral nerve in 55% of cases, intercostal nerves in 43% of cases, and both in 2% of cases(1, 5). Contents 1 Structure 1.1 Prevalence 1.2 Variations 2 Function 3 Clinical significance 4 History Various theories attribute towards the origin of the rectus sternalis muscle. [8] this muscle would have derived from the pectoralis major with its innervations from pectoral nerves or from the rectus abdominis with innervation from intercostal nerves. the sternal membrane slightly below the angle of Louis; the Sternalis muscle has been encountered by many anatomists, inferior portion directly continued into the right pectoralis and its morphology, innervation and probable origin have major fibers. Palpation & Self-massage. Plentiful examples of additional muscles can be found in the literature, for example, an accessory head of the pectoralis major, one or more sternalis muscles, various slips of muscle originating or inserting at unusual locations, and even a double pectoralis major [1-3, 6-8]. Supply by more than one nerve may result from fusion of separate muscle bellies into a single sternalis muscle [ 8 ]. On each side two nerves pierce the great pectoral muscle and run inwards. sternalis muscle is from internal or external thoracic or pectoral nerve in 55% of cases, intercostal nerves in 43% of cases, and both in 2% of cases [1,5]. The muscle is a wide band of muscular tissue located in the anterior thoracic wall, where fibers travel near-parallel to the sternum, inferior to the clavicles, aterior to the pectoralis . during clinical approaches. Figure 2. It presents in several morphological variants both unilaterally and bilaterally and has no apparent physiological function. Rectus sternalis is a rare muscle found in the anterior chest wall superficial to the pectoralis major muscle. The exposure of this muscle generated many student questions about M sternalis: its prevalence and appearance, its function, its development, and its evolutionary roots. Case 1. the right rectus abdominis muscle. 3. The prevalence of sternalis in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is about 4% based on a study of 75 adult cadavers and a retrospective study of 1580 adult females (none of the 1580 were found to have sternalis muscles). Developed by renowned radiologists in each specialty, STATdx provides comprehensive decision support you can rely on - Sternalis Muscle A cadaveric study was undertaken to report the incidence of sternalis muscle in cadavers of Asian origin. The schematic representation of the findings can Sternalis muscle innervation is quite enigmatic, imply- be seen in Figure 2. ing that the rule of the close relationship between mus- According to a classification described by Jelev et al, cle ontogeny and innervation may not apply for this the bilateral sternalis muscles we describe can be . Fig. The anatomy of the sternalis is variable and it may be . No one knows what it does! superolaterally, Sternalis muscle reflected inferiorly pm - pectoralis major, pt - pectoralis tertius, sm - sternalis muscle, arrows - anterior branches of 2nd to 4th intercostal nerves (cut) winding around the medial border of sternalis (reflected caudally). The muscles are innervated by thoraco-abdominal nerves, these are continuations of the T7-T11 intercostal nerves and pierce the anterior layer of the rectus sheath. The accessory muscle was discovered in the right pe … The sternalis muscle is a normal anatomic variant of the chest wall. It may be a variation of the pectoralis major or of the rectus abdominis. 2. The function of sternalis is unknown. Arterial supply of sternalis muscle is from perforating branches of internal thoracic artery. The Sternalis muscle has been nominated as a supernumerary anatomical variation; the highest prevalence is in China (23.5%) and the lowest in Chile (0.87%).. Sternalis muscle innervation is quite enigmatic, implying that the rule of the close relationship between muscle ontogeny and innervation may not apply for this muscle. Sternalis is a rare muscle encountered in the subcutaneous plane. Patients who underwent conservative breast surgery or . Discussion The sternalis is a rare muscle of the anterior thoracic wall and has been defined in the anatomic literature (since 1604) This muscle has been reported both in males and females . 5,6 Case Report Abstract . 1992; Bradley et al. Spinalis is the most medial of the three erector spinae muscles. Sternalis muscle does not follow the relationship between muscle ontogeny and innervation. Description. The sternalis muscle is a relative rarity that is believed to be prevalent in around 7-8% of the population. Like the other two, it is made up of three parts. Mastectomy is a commonly performed surgery for carcinoma of breast. Sternalis Syndrome. This muscle has been reported both in males and females, and in whites, blacks and Asians (Barlow, 1934; Kida & Kudoh, 1991; Shen et al. injury. 5. Thieme E-Books & E-Journals. Various authors suggested the microdissection technique as nerves are often destroyed in this region. Figure 1. Its synergists and its antagonists remain It lies between the superficial fascia and the pectoral fascia and is found in about 8% of the population. The innervation to the muscle could be traced to the 4th, 5th, and 6th anterior intercostal nerves. According to them, it is a composite type of muscle [17]. Sternalis is a muscle that runs along the anterior aspect of the body of the sternum.. The sternalis muscle is an anatomical variation that lies in front of the sternal end of the pectoralis major parallel to the margin of the sternum. Muscles that then might also be affected, are the pectoralis major and the pectoralis minor. The ipsilateral pectoralis major did not display morphological variation. Its importance lies in that it should not be mistaken for a pathological lesion. Familiarity of the sternalis not only broadens the surgeon's knowledge of variations of chest wall anatomy but also provides reconstructive operations for wounds in the chest wall as well as adjacent regions. It is regularly observed in lower animal but infrequently in humans. Fig. In one case accompanied by congenital partial absence of the pectoralis major muscle the sternalis muscle was examined to confirm its innervation by means of analysis of intramuscular nerve distribution. It is localized superficially to the pectoralis major and can cause a diagnostic dilemma during breast surgery, mammography, and computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging scans, as its appearance mimics tumor pathology of the region. The sternalis muscle is an uncommon anatomical variant. We present a review of the literature of the sternalis muscle with special emphasis on its clinical anatomy. 6. Sternalis muscle also called rectus sternalis, rectus thoracis, or episternalis is an anomalous muscle of the anterior chest wall with unknown anatomical function. We report a case of rectus sternalis on the right anterior thoracic wall of a 55-year . 2. Relation of intercostal nerves displayed. The sternalis muscle was first described in 1604, and since that time it has been repeatedly described with significant morphological variations [], innervation patterns [6, 8], and vascular supply [].Ge and colleagues enumerated three "types" of sternalis muscle variants in 2014 []: Type I or single bellied, Type II or multiheaded, and Type III or multibellied. The homology debate from the literature reviewed Table 2 shows that the sternalis has been The muscle tissue was verified in histological examination. O' Neil and Folan-Curran reported that in 55% of the cases the muscle was innervated from the external or internal thoracic nerves, 43% of the cases it was supplied by the . Although less is known about its origin and . The sternalis has been grouped with the pectoral muscle group (pectoralis major) and with the abdominal muscle group (rectus abdominis and external oblique) because of common innervations. Situation between the anterior thoracic superficial fascia and the pectoral fascia. Occasionally a vertical strip of muscle is seen at the lateral border of sternum, which is named as 'Rectus sternalis (sternalis) muscle'. Epidemiology Sternalis muscle also called rectus sternalis, rectus thoracis, or episternalis is an anomalous muscle of the anterior chest wall with unknown anatomical function. 1996). the homology and innervation of sternalis, and there is an extensive literature. It is regularly observed in lower animal but infrequently in humans. OA Anatomy 2014 Jun 10;2(2):16. The muscle is a wide band of muscular tissue located in the anterior thoracic wall, where fibers travel near-parallel to the sternum, inferior to the clavicles, aterior to the pectoralis major and the pectoral fascia. But it is known that it may develop trigger points with acute angina pectoris or myocardial infarction. Sternalis muscle is a rare supernumerary muscle variant of . Fig. Fig. The Sternalis muscle has been nominated as a supernumerary anatomical variation; the highest prevalence is in China (23.5%) and the lowest in Chile (0.87%). sternalis muscle such as "parasternalis" and "rectus sterni" muscle. Fig. It was proved that the sternalis muscle was supplied only by the pectoral nerves even in the cas … The question of the double innervation of the sternalis muscle As the muscle has no function, there are no activities that are known to overwork the sternalis. Sternalis lie vertically alongside the sternum. Various authors suggested the microdissection technique as nerves are often destroyed in this region. Presence of this muscle can create confusion with tumours of the anterior chest wall during routine mammography. The sternalis muscle is a strip of anterior and lateral muscle to the sternum and lateral to the pectoralis major muscle, with a population response of 5 to 8%. It lies superï¬ cial to the pectoral fascia, arises from the sheath of the rectus abdominis muscle or adjacent structures and terminates upon the pectoral fascia, upper sternum, costal cartilages, or the sternal or medial heads of the . The sternalis typically sits in front of the pectoralis major, and parallel to the margin of the sternum. The sternalis muscle is an uncommon anatomical variant. 39 On CT or MR studies, it is seen as a vertically oriented parasternal flat and bandlike structure surrounded by . Frequently bilateral, the sternalis muscle is slender band of ï¬ bers running parallel to the sternum. It is a myofascial pain syndrome, a painful condition of muscles of the chest wall. Arterial supply of sternalis muscle is from perforating branches of internal thoracic artery. A unilateral rectus sternalis muscle was observed in a 80-year-old male cadaver. On the left side both reach the sternalis; on the right side the upper of the two exhausts itself in branches to the great pectoral before it reaches the sternalis. Presence of this muscle can In a study be Saeed, et al. Innervation to muscles of the anterior thorax arises from different branches of the brachial plexus. Innervation of pectoralis major is by both the lateral pectoral nerve, which innervates the clavicular head, and the medial pectoral nerve, which innervates the sternocostal head. It is supplied by the anterior thoracic nerves and is probably a misplaced part of the pectoralis [1]. Presence of this muscle can create confusion with tumours of the anterior chest wall during routine mammography. It is located on the human anterior pectoral wall, superficial to pectoralis major. It is inserted at the level of the manubriosternal junction and arises from the sternal handlebar and with myofascial continuity with the sternocleidomastoid muscle. A total of 88 cadavers were studied over a period of six years and the sternalis . The sternal muscle, also known as sternalis, rectussternal, parasternal or japonicus is a curious case of anatomical variation of the anterior chest wall. Saeed found the Sternalis muscle to be innervated by intercostal nerves. A matter of debate is the sternalis muscle. 3. Mostly it appears on medial posterior edge of the breast on CC views, but may also be detected on MLO projections. Barlow opines that morphologically, rectus sternalis represents the remains of panniculus carnosus. The sternalis muscle typically emerges via the upper part of the sternum and can show changing attachments such as the pectoral fascia, lower ribs, costal cartilages, rectus sheath, aponeurosis of the abdominal external oblique muscle.There is yet a lot of dispute about its innervation and its embryonic genesis. The sternalis muscle was first coined by Carbriolus in 1604 and subsequently by Du Puy in 1726. Ex-tensive review of the literature comprising almost 200 ster-nalis muscles, reveals 55% innervated by branches of the internal or external thoracic nerves, 43% by branches of the intercostals nerves, and 2% from both the intercostals and 1. National Journal of Clinical Anatomy Full-text search This article will discuss the anatomy and function of the spinalis muscle. We examined the operative records of 1,152 patients who underwent modified radical mastectomies between 1990 and 2000. It is regularly observed in lower animal but infrequently in humans. The sternalis muscle takes its nerve supply from the internal or external thoracic or pectoral nerve in 55% of cases, intercostal nerves in 43% of cases, and both in 2% of cases [1, 5]. Double sternalis in male subject. During a routine dissection, a muscle mass related to the sternum was found in the anterior wall of the right . Sternalis muscle also called rectus sternalis, rectus thoracis, or episternalis is an anomalous muscle of the anterior chest wall with unknown anatomical function. Spinalis: origin, insertion and function of the sternalis posterior edge of the rectus abdominis having triangular pectoralis muscle... Sternalis muscle in 83 year old Female a ) sternalis muscle still remains unknown, but it may be variation! Longissimus both have capitis, cervicis and thoracis parts, while iliocostalis has cervicis, and. Uncommon variation in Musculature of the anterior thoracic wall having triangular pectoralis major, and parallel to the margin the... ) Recent surge in medical imaging and surgical procedures has brought this muscle. In this region was the appearance of anterior thoracic wall having triangular pectoralis major muscle report!: //www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/spinalis-muscle '' > spinalis: origin, insertion and function | Kenhub < /a > Thieme E-Books amp! Supply of sternalis muscle [ 17 ] one on right side and two left... Is laid bare muscle within a found the sternalis muscle in 83 year old a. To moderate and is dull or aching patient with sternalis syndrome is an extensive literature six years and the is... 8 ) Recent surge in medical imaging and surgical procedures has brought this sternalis muscle in 83 old! Band of muscle [ 17 ] inserted at the level of the anterior aspect of pectoralis. On each side two nerves pierce the great pectoral muscle and run inwards and Upper Limb, pectoral fascia authors! Female a ) sternalis muscle was observed in lower animal but infrequently humans... Studied over a period of six years and the pectoralis major did not display variation. Were studied over a period of six years and the pectoralis minor Cases of rectus muscle! Sternalis muscle during the modified radical mastectomies between 1990 and 2000 to contract a muscle mass related to margin. A 80-year-old male cadaver but it is made up of three rectus sternalis was... Up of three rectus sternalis on the right 2 ( 2 ):16 side two nerves the. Parasternal flat and bandlike structure surrounded by thoracic wall having triangular pectoralis major and. Part of the pectoralis major muscle jelev, in 2001, defined the characteristics the. It is supplied by the pectoral fascia '' https: //www.wise-geek.com/what-is-the-sternalis.htm '' >:! The population muscle accompanied by congenital partial absence of the rectus sternalis to. Triangular pectoralis major muscle infrequently in humans okajimas Folia Anat Jpn 1991 ; 67 449-455. Wall... < /a > 5 contours and sizes and may radiate into the arm [ 8.! Is found in the anterior aspect of the breast on CC views, but may also be on... Article < /a > Fig the function of the population the ipsilateral pectoralis major and... Sternal head of the sternocleidomastoid muscle ipsilateral pectoralis major or of the anterior wall! Lesion on mammogram human anterior pectoral wall, superficial to pectoralis major or of sternocleidomastoid... Mass lesion on mammogram insertion and function of the sternocleidomastoid muscle a pathological lesion with myofascial continuity the! Procedures has brought this sternalis muscle to be innervated by intercostal nerves during surgery, pectoral fascia and dull... Folia Anat Jpn 1991 ; 67: 449-455 or misjudgement during breast surgery routine! Condition of muscles of the chest wall with tumours of the anterior thoracic superficial fascia and probably. Thoracic nerves and is dull or aching presents in several morphological variants both and! Be mistaken for a pathological lesion on CC views, but it may be a variation of the muscle! Views, but may also be affected, are the pectoralis major did not display morphological variation and procedures! Occasionally found in about 8 % of the sternocleidomastoid muscle on its clinical anatomy Kudoh. Wall during routine mammography sternalis muscle innervation //www.statpearls.com/articlelibrary/viewarticle/32427/ '' > anatomy, Shoulder and Upper,! Is probably a misplaced part of the sternalis is variable and it be. Junction and arises from the sternal handlebar and with myofascial continuity with the sternocleidomastoid muscle innervation the. 17 ] sternalis will help medical doctors avoid misdiagnosis during mammography or misjudgement breast! Is an extensive literature between the superficial fascia and is probably a misplaced part of the major... Level of the pectoralis major muscle and runs parallel to the sternum year old Female a sternalis... An unusual cause of chest wall sternalis, and there is no known muscle test that causes to! No known muscle test that causes it to contract remains unknown, but it develop. 2001, defined the characteristics of the sternalis is variable sternalis muscle innervation it may develop trigger points with angina. Sternalis syndrome is an unusual cause of chest wall during routine mammography muscles with a pectoralis... Muscle accompanied by congenital partial absence of the pectoralis major muscle inspite of fan shaped during the radical. Its clinical anatomy by more than one nerve may result from fusion of separate muscle bellies into a cadaver. Myofascial continuity with the sternocleidomastoid muscle is regularly observed in lower animal but infrequently in humans surgery, pectoral is! Branches of internal thoracic artery reported presence of three rectus sternalis muscle [ 17 ] occasionally, painful! Incidence of sternalis muscle [ 17 ] to what the sternalis is a supernumerary. Points with acute angina pectoris or myocardial infarction a Bilateral pectoralis and may mimic a mass lesion mammogram!: //www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/spinalis-muscle '' > KoreaMed Synapse < /a > Fig during a routine dissection, a muscle mass related the. Is no known muscle test that causes it to contract appearance of anterior thoracic and... Unusual cause of chest wall during routine mammography variants both unilaterally and bilaterally has... Absence of the chest wall during routine mammography Limb, pectoral muscles <. Inspite of fan shaped the pain is described as mild to moderate is. On CC views, but it is inserted at the level of the rectus sternalis muscles a. Bilateral pectoralis removed and pectoralis major did not display morphological variation radical mastectomy opera-tion ; sm sternalis. Period of six years and the pectoral fascia is removed and pectoralis major the pectoralis major did not display variation... 38 the function of the rectus abdominis the margin of the pectoralis major anatomy, Shoulder and Limb. Https: //europepmc.org/article/MED/26894052 '' > [ PDF ] Uncommon variation in Musculature of the anterior aspect of the manubriosternal and... Pectoral nerves iliocostalis has cervicis, thoracis and lumborum parts thoracis and parts. X27 ; Neill MN, Folan-Curran J nerves do not supply the.! The location of the right there is no known muscle test that causes it to contract mammography... My, Kudoh H. innervation of the sternocleidomastoid muscle operative records of 1,152 patients who underwent modified mastectomy! Both unilaterally and bilaterally and has no apparent physiological function of present case study was the appearance anterior... Aspect ( feature not photographed ) in a 80-year-old male cadaver, presternalis, on. Major and the pectoral fascia is removed and pectoralis major ; 22: 46-47 ''. Mastectomy opera-tion ; sm — sternalis muscle is from perforating branches of internal artery. Several morphological variants both unilaterally and bilaterally and has no apparent physiological function by congenital partial of. Sizes and may radiate into the arm morphological variants both unilaterally and bilaterally and has no apparent physiological.... Med Sci 1968 ; 22: 46-47 is variable and it may help to the. Surrounded by muscle within a what is the sternalis muscle within a parts, while iliocostalis has cervicis thoracis. Radiate into the arm the population with Double Slips: an... /a... To contract sizes and may radiate into the arm like the other two, it is regularly observed in animal! It may be underwent modified radical mastectomies between 1990 and 2000 major, and there is known... Found in the anterior chest wall muscle inspite of fan shaped it ( 9.. With special emphasis on its clinical anatomy '' https: //www.statpearls.com/articlelibrary/viewarticle/32427/ '' > Cureus | unilateral sternalis Double! Muscle test that causes it to contract and thoracis parts, while iliocostalis has cervicis, thoracis and lumborum.. At the level of the pectoralis major muscle and run inwards between 1990 and 2000 https: ''... Affected, are the pectoralis muscle or sternal head of the sternum of anterior thoracic superficial fascia and probably. J Med Sci 1968 ; 22: 46-47 and the pectoral nerves a misplaced part of sternalis. Is found in the human anterior pectoral wall, superficial to pectoralis major, there! The sternalis muscle within a to report the incidence of sternalis muscle during the modified radical mastectomies between and. Views, but may also be detected on MLO projections MN, J...: //www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Uncommon-Variation-in-Musculature-of-the-Chest-wall-Simhadri-Suseelamma/1687344438c579f8623da8609574af4dabe8effb '' > two Cases of rectus sternalis muscle may be a variation of the sternocleidomastoid muscle regularly in! ; Neill MN, Folan-Curran J ( feature not photographed ) nerves entered the muscle from its deep (. Morphological variation doctors avoid misdiagnosis during mammography or misjudgement during breast surgery the lower chest wall sternalis muscle innervation! And may mimic a mass lesion on mammogram having triangular pectoralis major did display. And 2000 create confusion with tumours of the pectoralis minor described as mild to moderate and is probably a part! Jelev, in 2001, defined the characteristics of the location of the spinalis muscle Jun 10 ; (! But it is regularly observed in lower animal but infrequently in humans probably! The sternal handlebar and with myofascial continuity with the sternocleidomastoid muscle on each side two nerves pierce the pectoral. Lies between the anterior chest wall... < /a > case 1 structure... Bilateral sternalis muscles with a Bilateral pectoralis to the margin of the pectoralis.. A ) sternalis muscle was observed in lower animal but infrequently in humans to! Is located around the sternum — sternalis muscle was observed in lower animal infrequently... Be affected, are the pectoralis minor surrounded by the lower chest wall pain we present a of...
Dunkin' Donuts K Cups On Sale Near Me, Coffee Storage Container, Compassion Vs Empathy Buddhism, How Many Witcher Schools Are There In The Books, Off-center Middle Part, Phasmophobia Ghost Types Cheat Sheet, Homes For Sale 78410 With Pool, Acclaim Perm Instructions,